Fees

Execution Fee

To eliminate front-running, for all orders (including perpetual, predict, swap, and mint/burn DLP), there are 2 transactions:

1. User sends transaction to request order

2. Keeper bots observe and execute the order

The execution fee is collected during the first transaction to pay for the network gas of the second transaction. This cost is paid to the blockchain network.

Read more here about two-step order execution: https://docs.pyth.network/documentation/pythnet-price-feeds/best-practices#latency

Perpetuals Trading

The open/close fee is collected whenever a perpetual trade is executed. The borrow fee is collected when a positions is decreased or closed. The funding fee is collected or distributed when a position is decreased or closed.

• Fees settled at opening = open fee

• Fees settled at closing = close fee + borrow fee +/- funding

(See funding curve chapter for detailed funding formula.)

Note: 1 basis point (bps) = 0.01%. All percentages are calculated based on the position size.

Open/close fee

DLP-M	DLP-B	Stablecoin/stablecoin perp
7 bps	12 bps	1 bp

Stablecoin/stablecoin: e.g. USDT/USDC, DAI/USDC

Borrow fee (per hour)

Depends on utilization rate, mapped linearly:

• 0 to 50% utilization rate ↦ 0 to 0.33bps linear

• 50 to 100% utilization rate ↦ 0.33 to 0.75bps linear

Utilization rate: total tokens borrowed / total tokens in pool

Note: Borrow fee % is charged on position size at entry in quote tokens for long positions, in base tokens for short positions. Funding % is charged on position size at entry in USD.

Liquidation

Positions are automatically closed when equity (collateral - losses - fees) is less than 1% of position size, with remaining collateral returned. Liquidation price is affected by asset prices, borrow fee, and funding fee, which change over time.

Spot swap

Our spot swap uses oracle pricing for zero slippage. The swap fee follows a dynamically adjusted mechanism, aiming to incentivize users to help keep the pool proportion close to the target ratio. Hence, it could be as low as 0 if the relevant coin is undersubscribed. It follows the following formula:

Fee for a particular token T:

Constants:

• “base” = base swap fee BPS

• “tax” = swap fee adjustment BPS

Inputs:

• prevUsd: prev T amount in USD

• nextUsd: next T amount in USD (after swap)

• targetUsd: target T amount in USD

Formula:

$prevUsdDiff := |prevUsd - targetUsd|$

$nextUsdDiff := |nextUsd - targetUsd|$

If $nextUsdDiff < prevUsdDiff$: (i.e., balance improved)

$max\left(0, \ base - tax *\frac{prevUsdDiff}{targetUsd}\right)$

Else: (balance worsened)

$base + tax * \frac{min\left(targetUsd, \ \frac{prevUsdDiff+nextUsdDiff}{2}\right)}{targetUsd}$

Swap fee is sum of the fee for input token and output token.

Deposit and withdrawal is the fee for a single token T.

	DLP-M	DLP-B	Stablecoin
Base fee (bps)	10	30	2
Tax fee (bps)	60	50	10

Fees are distributed to staked DLP holders. All fees are collected in a day period, and distributed to holders over the next day period. Currently, 10% of fees go to the Treasury used for server, keeper bots, and other upkeep costs. Soon, some portion of fees will be distributed $DRV token stakers.